They also revealed a significant effect for the total market value of the starting formation. (2020) studied the success factors of the German Bundesliga and showed that defensive errors are an influential success factor. (2011) came to the conclusion that higher ball possession is a significant influence on winning. Notably, Collet (2013) showed that, if controlled for team quality and home advantage, ball possession was a consistent negative effect in domestic leagues as well as club tournaments. However, ball possession and passing showed mixed results but seem to be not significant success factors if studies are controlled for other variables ( Oberstone, 2009 Liu et al., 2015 Lepschy et al., 2020). (2018) showed in an analysis that fast attacks and counterattacks also increased the success of an attack. (2012) showed that the effectiveness of the attacking play was discriminating between winning and losing in three World Cup tournaments (2002вЂ“2010). (2010) found that effectiveness was significantly higher for winning teams.

They also showed a stronger correlation between goals and goal efficiency than between goals and number of shots. (2014) found that goal efficiency is more important than the quantity of shots. Goal efficiency and shots on goal were shown to be important factors for winning a football match ( Hughes and Franks, 2005 Brito de Souza et al., 2019 Lepschy et al., 2020). Regarding the independent variables the most studied variables with regard to success factors in football are shots and shots on goals followed by variables like goal efficiency (number of goals divided by shots), passing, and possession ( Sarmento et al., 2014 Lepschy et al., 2018). Therefore, more research is needed to close this gap in possible unidentified success factors.Д«esides a careful consideration of independent variables, a meaningful dependent variable needs to be selected. Moreover, in most studies, only a small selection of variables was used, and a possible effect of the home advantage was not always considered. None of those studies about World Cup matches used market value as an independent variable. Of these studies, only six used a predictive study design compared with 24 studies about club teams, which can provide more sophisticated conclusions ( Lepschy et al., 2018). Only 11 studies involving data of success factors from a World Cup were published in recent years ( Lepschy et al., 2018). Most studies focused on domestic leagues consisting of club teams, while studies on the performance of national teams at tournaments are sparse. Various attempts have been undertaken to identify and quantify indicators of performance, but results vary and are partly inconsistent. This understanding is in football as crucial as in other sports, but it is still a challenge to determine what leads to success in football. To understand the mechanisms underlying success in football is critical for coaches, players, managers, journalists, and other stakeholders.

The study contributes to a better understanding of success factors and can help to improve effectiveness of training, match preparation, and coaching. Moreover, the results suggest that direct play and pressing were more effective than ball possession play. Overall, most of the critical success factors and those with the highest impact on winning close games were defensive actions. Ball possession, distance, and market value of the teams had no influence on success. The results showed that defensive errors ( p = 0.0220), goal efficiency ( p = 0.0000), duel success ( p = 0.0000), tackles success ( p = 0.0100), shots from counterattacks ( p = 0.0460), clearances ( p = 0.0130), and crosses ( p = 0.0160) have a significant influence on winning a match during those tournaments. Twenty-nine variables were identified from previous research. A total of 128 matches were analyzed using a generalized order logit approach. The current study examines the success factors during the World Cup 2018 in Russia and the World Cup 2014 in Brazil. Research on success factors in football focusing on national teams is sparse. Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.Hannes Lepschy *, Alexander Woll and Hagen WГ¤sche *

Fifa 18 world cup